Siam
The word "Siam" is the term used to refer to foreigners Ayutthaya approximately Act 2000 Even the beginning of Thailand named Siam from the reign of King Rama VI onwards. The country appears as a clear Act 2399 , but Thais do not ever call yourself, "Siam" or "Siamese" a foreign country or by an official at that time I .
The word "Thai" La Blue Bear is archival records clearly. Ayutthaya people have called themselves such a long time .On June 24, 2482 declared a state of the popular No. 1 in the government of Field Marshal P. Pibulsongkram (the Act promulgated on 24 June 2482) has been renamed the country. With a peopleCitizenship and the "Siam" is the "Thai", which is intended to Por Field Marshal indicates that this land belongs to Thai Not the other races. The nationalism of that time During later changed back to last year, Siam 2488 , but the name has changed back to Thailand again when the year 2491 during which the field marshal Por Pibulsonggram as a whole. The name change will also change from "Siam" in English and in French as "Thaïlande" in French and "Thailand" in English today However, a Siam is still known widely as. domestic and international.Thailand's English name is often confused with memory in Taiwan frequently.
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The word "Thai" La Blue Bear is archival records clearly. Ayutthaya people have called themselves such a long time .On June 24, 2482 declared a state of the popular No. 1 in the government of Field Marshal P. Pibulsongkram (the Act promulgated on 24 June 2482) has been renamed the country. With a peopleCitizenship and the "Siam" is the "Thai", which is intended to Por Field Marshal indicates that this land belongs to Thai Not the other races. The nationalism of that time During later changed back to last year, Siam 2488 , but the name has changed back to Thailand again when the year 2491 during which the field marshal Por Pibulsonggram as a whole. The name change will also change from "Siam" in English and in French as "Thaïlande" in French and "Thailand" in English today However, a Siam is still known widely as. domestic and international.Thailand's English name is often confused with memory in Taiwan frequently.
History
Main articles: History of Thailand and People of Thailand
The region known as Thailand has been inhabited by humans at least since the Paleolithic period, about 40,000 years ago. Similar to other regions in Southeast Asia, it was heavily influenced by the culture and religions of India, starting with the kingdom of Funan around the 1st century CE.
After the fall of the Khmer Empire in the 13th century, various states thrived there, such as the various Tai, Mon, Khmer and Malay kingdoms, as seen through the numerous archaeological sites and artifacts that are scattered throughout the Siamese landscape. Prior to the 12th century however, the first Thai or Siamese state is traditionally considered to be the Buddhistkingdom of Sukhothai, which was founded in 1238.
Following the decline and fall of the Khmer empire in the 13th–14th century, the Buddhist Tai kingdoms of Sukhothai, Lanna and Lan Xang (now Laos) were on the ascension. However, a century later, the power of Sukhothai was overshadowed by the new kingdom of Ayutthaya, established in the mid-14th century in the lower Chao Phraya River or Menam area.
Ayutthaya's expansion centred along the Menam while in the northern valley the Lanna Kingdom and other small Tai city-states ruled the area. In 1431, the Khmer abandoned Angkor after the Ayutthaya forces invaded the city.[17] Thailand retained a tradition of trade with its neighbouring states, from China to India, Persia and Arab lands. Ayutthaya became one of the most vibrant trading centres in Asia. European traders arrived in the 16th century, beginning with the Portuguese, followed by the French, Dutch and English.
After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 to the Burmese, King Taksin the Great moved the capital of Thailand to Thonburi for approximately 15 years. The current Rattanakosin era of Thai history began in 1782, following the establishment of Bangkok as capital of the Chakri dynasty under King Rama I the Great. According toEncyclopædia Britannica, "A quarter to a third of the population of some areas of Thailand and Burma were slaves in the 17th through the 19th centuries."[18][19]
Despite European pressure, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian nation that has never been colonized.[20] This has been ascribed to the long succession of able rulers in the past four centuries who exploited the rivalry and tension between French Indochina and the British Empire. As a result, the country remained a buffer statebetween parts of Southeast Asia that were colonized by the two colonizing powers, Great Britain and France. Western influence nevertheless led to many reforms in the 19th century and major concessions, most notably being the loss of a large territory on the east side of the Mekong to the French and the step-by-step absorption by Britain of the Malay Peninsula.
[edit]20th century
The losses initially included Penang and eventually culminated in the loss of four predominantly ethnic-Malay southern provinces, which later became Malaysia's four northern states, under the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909.
In 1932, a bloodless revolution carried out by the Khana Ratsadon group of military and civilian officials resulted in a transition of power, when King Prajadhipokwas forced to grant the people of Siam their first constitution, thereby ending centuries of absolute monarchy.
During World War II, the Empire of Japan demanded the right to move troops across Thailand to the Malayan frontier. Japan invaded the country and engaged theThai Army for six to eight hours before Plaek Pibulsonggram ordered an armistice. Shortly thereafter Japan was granted free passage, and on December 21, 1941, Thailand and Japan signed a military alliance with a secret protocol wherein Tokyo agreed to help Thailand regain territories lost to the British and French. Subsequently, Thailand undertook to 'assist' Japan in its war against the Allies, while at the same time maintaining an active anti-Japanese resistance movement known as the Seri Thai. Approximately 200,000 Asian labourers (mainly romusha) and 60,000 Allied POWs worked on the Thailand–Burma Death Railway.[21]
After the war, Thailand emerged as an ally of the United States. As with many of the developing nations during the Cold War, Thailand then went through decades of political instability characterised by coups d'état as one military regime replaced another, but eventually progressed towards a stable prosperity and democracyin the 1980s.[citation needed]
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